• Williams driver’s support from state-owned PDVSA criticised
• ‘The comments are also something political,’ says Maldonado

Pastor Maldonado has dismissed criticism of the way his Formula One career is being funded even though his country is racked by poverty.

Maldonado’s victory for Williams in Sunday’s Spanish Grand Prix was primarily seen as a force for good in his homeland as he became the first driver from Venezuela to win in Formula One.

The 26-year-old was even congratulated personally by the president, Hugo Chávez, after a race that was marred by a blaze that swept through the team’s garage at Barcelona’s Circuit de Catalunya.

With campaigning ongoing as Venezuela builds towards its election later this year, there remains opposition to the fact Maldonado’s F1 career is supported by the state-owned oil company PDVSA to the tune of £27m per year.

The belief is such considerable finances would be better served in assisting Venezuela’s infrastructure, such as building better roads and schools, rather than supporting one driver in a rich man’s sport.

Responding to the criticism, Maldonado said: “I’m very lucky to have my country behind me pushing me so hard to see me in Formula One. PDVSA have supported me all my career, and I’m so lucky to have them because that has helped develop the car, our performance.

“So I’m not worried because the whole of the country is happy because of the result, especially because it has come quite soon. From now most of the people are looking forward to Formula One, which is popular in Venezuela.

“The comments are also something political. We are in the middle of elections and people are free to say what they want. But the government is pushing hard, not only in Formula One and motor sports, but a lot of other sports at the moment, and we are getting some very important results.”


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Sport: Motor sport | guardian.co.uk

Plus: Which game is tougher – snooker, pool or billiards? Why the racing line won’t help you on the M1

I keep hearing two opposing views on medieval and renaissance witch trials in Europe: the first, that many thousands of people (mostly women) were persecuted; the second, that this is a massive exaggeration. What’s the truth?

The truth is a more or less well-founded estimate, as there are no full records or statistics over many centuries (there were witch trials up to the end of the 18th century). And it is not very helpful, either, to remember that courts or justices were much less centralised and subject to controllable laws at the time. Also, death penalties were certainly much more common (and accepted), so there was often no big fuss about a witch trial that resulted in a fatal judgment.

suebian

If Michael Reeves’ 1968 film Witchfinder General is to be believed, East Anglia was teeming with witches – or at least, the witchfinder himself, Matthew Hopkins (played by Vincent Price) was pretty convinced there were sorcerers everywhere. Which leads us neatly back to the discussion about historical accuracy in films …

Mark Lewis, Birmingham

Snooker tables are much bigger than pool tables, so are snooker players much more skilful than pool players?

Snooker is without doubt a far more technically difficult and exacting sport than any form of pool. The skill needed to play the wide range of shots available, to think shots ahead, to develop the balls and keep in prime position are way more advanced than any potential situation on a much smaller pool table.

scaramangersnipple

Potting balls is harder in snooker, given the table size and smaller, less forgiving pockets. However, positioning the white is about putting it in a general area on the table that allows the player to have options on multiple reds/colours, while in nine-ball pool the balls have to be potted in numerical order. There is often only one position where the cue-ball can be positioned that allows for the next ball to be potted and for position to be maintained on the following shot. Nine-ball players therefore have less margin for error. Overall though, snooker is unquestionably more difficult to play to a high standard.

jonnywishbone

Yes, but not half as skilful as billiards players.

Chris du Feu, Beckingham, Notts

Both games are played not against the table, but against an opponent. The relative skill of professional players is determined by the fierceness of the competition rather than the size of the table.

Jaekwando

If I were to travel using the “racing line” on the M1 from one end to the other, how much shorter would my journey be than if I had stayed in one lane?

There is a common misconception that the racing line is the shortest route (N&Q, 10 May). This is not the case: the racing line provides the fastest way of going round a corner. In fact, if you took the racing line up the M1 you would travel further than if you remained in any one lane, or if you always switched to the inside of a corner.

The laws of physics dictate that the racing line is the fastest way round a corner, not the shortest. On a fixed curve the racing line is the curve (arc of a circle) with the largest radius that allows you to stay on the road. This generates the least centripetal (centrifugal) force. As this is the force that will cause you to become “a passenger on the way to the accident” if it exceeds the grip (friction with the road surface ) you generate, this is the limiting factor.

Adam Overton-Hore, West Wellow, Hants

Any answers?

In the geological record, the further down we dig, the further we go into the past, which means that deposits are continually being laid down on the planet’s surface (presumably a combination of volcanic material and cosmic debris). Is the earth is getting bigger?

P Turnbull, Exeter

• Post your questions and answers below or email nq@guardian.co.uk (please include name, address and phone number).


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• Lakeside Hammers captain hit a safety fence head first
• He later died from his injuries in a Warsaw hospital

Lee Richardson, a British speedway rider, has been killed in a crash in Poland, after apparently hitting a safety fence head first. He suffered serious injuries and later died in a Warsaw hospital.

The 33-year-old Great Britain rider and former world under-21 champion was competing for PGE Marma Rzeszow against Betard Sparta Wroclaw.

Richardson was a member of the Lakeside Hammers club, which later published a statement on its website: “The Lakeside Hammers captain died today in Poland as a result of injuries sustained in a racing accident.

“All at the club are devastated at the loss of a great captain, man and more than anything a wonderful father and husband.

“Our thoughts are with his family at this most sad of times and we know that all Hammers fans will share our total devastation at this tragic news.”


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• New raised nose was the focus of the car’s upgrades
• Jenson Button fastest and Hamilton fourth in second practice

McLaren, yearning to reprise their domination in the 1980s, face a defining challenge at the Circuit de Catalunya on Sunday afternoon, with the race in Barcelona marking makeover time for the Formula One cars.

There have been all sorts of nips, tucks and facelifts, as the mechanical plastic surgeons have done their best – as if preparing for the catwalk of Monaco in two weeks’ time. But it is McLaren’s nose job that has been the main issue since the last day in Mugello last week, where the upgrades were tested.

McLaren desperately needed a good start to the year and got it. Anxious not to repeat their mistake of last year, when they started with a dog of a car and had to play catch-up, they went into this season with the best-looking entrant in the paddock and started with a flurry of poles and podiums. But McLaren, who are also unveiling changes to their pit crew and wheel-changing techniques for this race after a disastrous day in the pits in Bahrain last time out, have been reined in.

Lewis Hamilton was eighth in Bahrain and a disconsolate Jenson Button finally retired as McLaren lost their lead in both the drivers’ and constructors’ championships. Red Bull sit atop both tables, as they have done for the past two years.

That position would not matter except that McLaren have not won a drivers’ title since 2008, and the constructors’ championship has eluded them since 1998. They have a craving need for success, which is why they are one of the teams that has come to Barcelona with a number of upgrades. And it would not be surprising if Hamilton, arguably the outstanding driver of the early season, but dogged by bad luck, had his first win here.

Superficially, at least, McLaren had a good day on Friday. In the second, afternoon, practice session, Button finished fastest, with Hamilton fourth. But those results disguised the fact that Button twice complained of “terrible understeer”, while Hamilton said his gear ratios were too long.

But McLaren’s new raised nose was still the talking point, since it suggests they got their design wrong at the start of the year. All their rivals had started with a nose job but McLaren, a beauty among the beasts, had a cleaner, lower look. So did they make a mistake?

Jonathan Neale, the managing director of McLaren Racing, insisted this is not the case. “We’ve had a quick car out of the box,” he said. “The fact that we put the car on pole in Australia [and won the race] would suggest that we didn’t have our worst winter. We were very pleased with the car and the way it handled, particularly in the high speeds.

“When you look are everybody else’s car, and they’ve all done something different, you do have a sharp intake of breath and you ask yourself ‘Did we miss a trick there?’ But I don’t think we have. And we have brought a reasonable upgrade here. I would be surprised if the nose is more than 20% of the performance improvement we have put on the car this weekend.”

However, Gary Anderson, the BBC’s technical consultant, does feel that the decision not to go with the higher nose, made the best part of a year ago, could come back to haunt the Woking-based team. “I think they have struggled in recent races to get enough front downforce,” he said. “The higher nose will help the front wing work more efficiently and help more airflow under the car.

“It will be better than what they had before. But they won’t recover from not having the higher chassis, which gives you more airflow to work with. And they’re stuck with that unless they make a new chassis.”

What McLaren are also battling – like all the teams – are the difficulties posed by this year’s new batch of Pirelli tyres, with their elusive “sweet spot,” which restricts the use of aggressive driving early in a race. “Everyone is looking after tyres,” said Neale. “If you damage them early on and use up the grip capacity you pay a heavy price for it in the last five laps of that sector.

“Lewis is generally driving very well. But his driving style and more measured approach is a necessity for these tyres. The tyres are so important.”

According to Anderson, the challenge is to get a car’s balance and down-force so organised that it enables the driver to go flat out, even on these tyres.

In this most open of seasons, he has been most impressed by Lotus. “If I had to pick three teams they would be McLaren, Red Bull and Lotus, and I hope that Lotus can spring a surprise. They look good enough to do it. They just have to get a bit of confidence. They can get a little bit spooked on the pit wall.”

McLaren are not spooked. But they will be mightily concerned if they do not reassert themselves on Sunday.


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Sport: Motor sport | guardian.co.uk

• Mercedes driver launches another attack on tyre manufacturer
• Comments come ahead of this weekend’s Spanish Grand Prix

Michael Schumacher is refusing to let Pirelli off the hook after launching another attack on the tyre manufacturer by claiming their rubber is like driving “on raw eggs”.

The seven-times world champion bemoaned the quality of the tyres this season following the Bahrain Grand Prix last month.

After the race Schumacher said: “The main thing I feel unhappy about is everyone has to drive well below a driver’s, and in particular, the car’s limits to maintain the tyres. I just question whether they should play such a big importance, or whether they should last a bit longer, and that you can drive at normal racing car speed and not cruise around like we have a safety car.”

That prompted a disappointed reaction from Pirelli’s director of motorsport, Paul Hembery, who claimed other drivers were “getting on with the job and getting their tyres to work”.

Schumacher, though, has refused to let the issue lie and told CNN ahead of this weekend’s Spanish Grand Prix. “They’re playing a much too big effect because they are so peaky and so special that they don’t put our cars or ourselves to the limit. We drive like on raw eggs and I don’t want to stress the tyres at all. Otherwise you just overdo it and you go nowhere.”


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Sport: Motor sport | guardian.co.uk

Jann Mardenborough was a shy Cardiff teenager who loved his Gran Turismo computer game. So imagine his parents’ surprise when he won a place in the Dubai 24 Hour race

Jann Mardenborough grew up dreaming of driving racing cars. It was an infatuation that had begun with the gift of a Matchbox toy as a baby, but which he pursued with such quiet intensity that even his father Steve discovered only a year ago that motor racing – not football – was Jann’s first love. Jann was quiet. To his mother Lesley-Anne he was “not particularly outgoing and quite a home boy”. Often too shy to answer the front door, he’d spend time in his bedroom, where he played video games. Yet this reserved, awkward teenager from Cardiff had a big surprise in store for his parents.

At eight, Jann thought he might have a chance of making it as a racing driver. Steve, an ex-professional footballer, had taken him to a kart circuit, and before long the owner took notice and told Steve his son was a natural. But finance proved the stumbling block. The local track closed down and the nearest alternative was in Bristol. “I stopped when I was 11,” says Jann, “because it got too expensive.”

He returned quietly to his bedroom, where he took to the next best thing – virtual racing on the video game Gran Turismo. It was the perfect release for the racing-obsessed teen: a singular pursuit offering a test of individual skill in which he could lose himself.

“One day,” says Steve, “he came downstairs and said: ‘Dad, I’ve qualified.’ I said: ‘Qualified for what?’”

In the middle of 2011, Mardenborough had entered an online competition on Gran Turismo 5 that offered one final shot at the real thing. Out of 90,000 other virtual racers, he made it into the top eight in Europe and won the chance to test himself against other gamers in a real car at Brands Hatch. That he had kept it to himself for so long was entirely in character for a boy who did not like to make a fuss. “At that point we had no idea what it was,” admits Steve.

Seven months later, in January this year, Mardenborough, who’d never set foot in a racing car, was at the wheel of a serious piece of kit in the Dubai 24 Hour race – and at the beginning of what appears to be a very exciting career.

The video-game franchise in which Mardenborough began his journey, Sony’s Gran Turismo, was originally designed by Japan’s Kazunori Yamauchi in 1997. In an industry often (unfairly) accused of infantilism, Gran Turismo stands out for its quest to mirror a physical rather than fantastical reality. This is a racing “simulator” and its success (more than 60m sales worldwide) owes everything to how well it measures up to the real thing. Its sports cars may be but virtual creations, yet everything about them is designed to behave as closely as possible to the genuine article.

The level of accuracy now available in computer modelling means Formula One drivers, as a matter of course, do laps on simulators in preparation for races. Lewis Hamilton himself admitted to learning tracks during his rookie F1 year playing PlayStation with his brother.

Visually, the game is stunning. In cockpit mode, with a virtual dashboard at the bottom of the screen, the bonnet and track stretching to the fore and the claustrophobic confines of the interior rendered on the periphery, there is little or no conscious need to suspend disbelief. The pedal goes down and players are “in” the game – unconsciously leaning into corners and breathless while trying to thread through a pack of competitors.

But however accurately the game mimics reality, there is one crucial difference: simulations still lack movement – the sensation of the car reacting, grip felt through the seat of the pants, acceleration that compresses the body, and the forces generated in cornering.

Sensing a marketing opportunity, Sony teamed up with Nissan to form the GT Academy in 2008. It was a one-off project created to answer a simple question: could you take a gamer and put them in a real racing car? A 23-year-old Spaniard, Lucas Ordoñez, who was just beginning a business degree, won the online and then real-world challenge. After intensive training, he raced as one of a team of drivers in the 2009 Dubai 24.

With the marketing objectives achieved, it could have ended there. Except, much as he was just a gamer, Ordoñez was good. “I’m not a nervous guy, but I was physically sick with worry that we were sending this guy out to his death,” said Nissan’s Darren Cox.

But the way the driver dealt with a problem calmed his nerves. “I remember hearing the radio: ‘Left rear puncture, coming into the pits; please change left rear.’ He’s in a 400 horsepower Nissan 350Z, he’s got a crash helmet on, he’s got the car moving around underneath him, but he’s calm. And at that point I knew we had something,” says Cox.

The programme was extended to see if this unorthodox method could uncover further talent. French gamer Jordan Tresson won a GT Academy place in 2010 and Ordoñez himself went on to race for the professional Signature Nissan team, taking a podium at sports car racing’s most important meeting, the Le Mans 24 Hours, in 2011. From this came the concept of a car driven only by computer gamers entering this year’s Dubai 24. Two new candidates were needed to be brought up to speed and the academy opened its online competition again. Which was how Jann Mardenborough found it.

The transition from computer-generated racing to hard, cold, dangerous steel ought to be both difficult and potentially terrifying, yet for Mardenborough it was instinctive: “It felt completely normal,” he says. How to read racing lines – correct entrances and exits to corners; hand-eye co-ordination and a visual sense, plus the ability to look ahead of the car into breaking zones, had all been learned in the bedroom. “I’d never power-steered a car before,” says Mardenborough. “I had only ever done it in a game. I was controlling it just with the throttle and it was completely natural to me.”

He passed the test at Brands Hatch and later, at Silverstone, beat 11 other finalists to the place as a GT Academy driver. “My mouth was hurting because I was grinning from ear to ear so much,” he says. “I met Bob [Neville], my team manager, straight after. That was the moment I realised I was a racing driver.” Mardenborough was placed on a driver-development programme at Silverstone. In six months he and the winner of the US GT Academy, Bryan Heitkotter, gained their international racing licences, a process that normally takes three years.

The gamers are young, malleable and without ego. Even the lack of racing experience has a positive side-effect. Mardenborough’s mentor Rob Jenkinson, a former racer himself, was sceptical of the academy concept but became convinced after seeing it in action. He explains that drivers entering through the traditional route have longer to pick up bad habits, sometimes taking years to correct. “With this, in six months we eliminate mistakes,” he says. “We make good decisions on their behalf immediately.”

What cannot be eliminated is the danger. Accidents now mean more than just hitting the restart button. “I know there’s a dangerous side to it, but it didn’t really cross my mind,” Mardenborough says, despite having rolled the car at a race in Holland.

The Dubai MotorCity circuit forms part of Dubailand, which was to be a vast theme park stretching into the desert, featuring Tiger Woods’s first golf-course design. Today sand blows across empty lots and cranes loom over half-finished buildings, exactly as they were in 2008 when the financial crisis stopped the project in its tracks – reminders of the dangers of expecting too much, too soon. It’s a lesson not lost on the gamers and their RJN Motorsport team.

Mardenborough bounces through the paddock and pit lane on his toes, ready for the Dubai 24 Hour race. He shares with Hamilton not only the sculpted good looks but the calm self-assurance the McLaren driver displays. There’s no sign of the shy teenager. Motor racing is all about focus, and before he steps into the car Mardenborough has it in spades.

For the first part of the race, the crew and drivers are struggling with mechanical gremlins, and tension suffuses the coarse desert air.

Endurance racing is like no other. It is a bewildering assault on the senses. The noise never abates and the cars spread out until there seems to be an endless stream streaking past, the atmosphere thick with the smell of rubber and oil. Each team races flat-out stints interspersed with furiously quick pit stops, looking to eke out tiny advantages that over a full 24 hours can make the difference between winning and losing. Through all this, the overriding aim is to at least finish the race – to see the chequered flag come down – and fortunately the early fears that technical problems might signal game over are dismissed as the car settles down into quick, trouble-free racing through the night and into the morning.

With an hour and a half to go, one driving stint remains and now, in third place, Neville chooses Mardenborough to take the wheel. Having raced so hard for so long, a mistake at this stage would be heartbreaking. The pressure is immense. Mardenborough brings the car home with ease and the team is on the podium.

“When I was 17 or so I was afraid to answer the phone,” he tells me afterwards. “I’ve come a huge, long way.” His mother calls it a “fairy story”. Perhaps, as the academy opens its doors again on Tuesday to search for further young talent, it is also a fable for the modern age – where video gaming isn’t all bad.

Just over two weeks after the race Nissan confirmed Mardenborough as its full-time driver for the season in the Blancpain Endurance Series – a full-scale, six-race, professional racing competition that visits some of the most famous circuits in Europe. It might be the start of something great. “Jann’s 20 and there’s a very wide sphere ahead of him,” says Neville. “We have to just keep the lid on him…”


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Sport: Motor sport | guardian.co.uk

• Ferrari tweet: ‘An off track from Fernando hampered session’
• Alonso had recorded the fastest time of the morning

Fernando Alonso has driven his Ferrari into a barrier during the third and final day of Formula One testing at the Mugello circuit, but appears to have escaped uninjured.

Ferrari wrote on their Twitter feed: “An off track from Fernando hampered morning’s session. At least two hours to repair the damages. It is a shame but that’s testing!”

Alonso had recorded the fastest time of the morning session when he lost control of his F2012 and damaged a wing on a track owned by Ferrari, near Scarperia in Tuscany, central Italy.

These are the first in-season tests in Formula One in four years.

The next race is the Spanish Grand Prix on 13 May. Alonso, who won the Malaysian Grand Prix, the season’s second race, is fifth in the standings.


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Sport: Motor sport | guardian.co.uk

• Win moves Stoner to within four points of Lorenzo in standings
• Britain’s Cal Crutchlow finishes in fourth spot in Jerez

The world champion, Casey Stoner, held off a determined challenge from Yamaha’s Jorge Lorenzo to claim victory in the second race of the season at the Spanish Grand Prix in Jerez on Sunday.

Stoner started from the second row after the rain-affected qualifying on Saturday but the Australian rider took advantage of the drier conditions for the race and soon snatched the lead from his Honda team‑mate Dani Pedrosa.

Lorenzo, another Spaniard who won the season-opener in Qatar and started from pole position again on Sunday, pursued Stoner doggedly but could not find a way past and his challenge faded on the final lap.

“At the beginning of the race we didn’t get such a good start and it was really difficult to stay out of trouble and try to stay with the front,” Stoner said. “When I started to push I noticed that myself and Jorge were able to take a little bit of an advantage over the others so I continued to go and continued to push. It was a very, very difficult race today but to hold on for the entire race in near-enough to dry conditions was really a great day for me.”

Stoner, who moved to within four points of Lorenzo in the championship standings, finished in a time of 45min 33.897sec, with the 2010 champion Lorenzo 0.947 behind. Pedrosa was third, just over two seconds adrift of Lorenzo, with Britain’s Cal Crutchlow fourth, just under half a second further back.

Pol Espargaró of Spain clinched his debut Moto2 victory in front of his home crowd earlier on Sunday in a race cut short by rain, while the Italian rookie Romano Fenati showed a glimpse of his potential with a maiden Moto3 win after almost half the field crashed out.


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Sport: Motor sport | guardian.co.uk

• Marketing expert says Formula One will not be affected
• TV viewing figures up for Bahrain Grand Prix

Formula One’s controversial weekend in Bahrain is unlikely to cause lasting damage to the sport, the 12 competing teams, their sponsors or viewing figures, according to a marketing expert with a background in F1.

Sunday’s grand prix was a public relations disaster for the sport, with none of the teams happy to compete against a background of violence as protesters against the ruling Khalifa family took full advantage of the strong media presence. Some teams even got caught up with the protests.

But Jim Wright, who has worked for Williams and Virgin (now Marussia) and has been finding marketing and sponsorship for 25 years, said on Monday: “I think many positives will come out of the Bahrain Grand Prix. I’m not commenting on the FIA and the commercial rights holder and the decision to go there but most teams handled a difficult decision very well. On that basis I think a lot of people would be pleased with that and happy to get involved with them.

“Some damage was done to Formula One, and some of the comments that were made out there were crass, but it’s nothing that can’t be turned around. Obviously there are areas of Bahrain where there are problems. But once the decision was made to go there everyone in the sport got behind it, which was right and proper.”

Another marketing man, who did not want to be named, said: “As an investible sport nothing has changed. Those who have an affinity with Formula One will still do so. As an entity on the track it is still strong. Whether it should look at events of the past week is another matter.”

The race may have been a blatant political exercise by the government of the Gulf state, who had posters put up around the island – including the Sakhir circuit – featuring the slogan “UniF1ed – One Nation in Celebration”, but even the resulting violence, which led to the death of one protester two days before the race, did not deter TV viewers from tuning in on Sunday. Sky Sports’ coverage of the event was third among the top 20 pay-TV programmes on Sunday and the BBC’s highlights were the fourth most successful among terrestrial channel offerings.

The BBC reported a 15-minute peak of 3.4m viewers for Saturday’s qualifying highlights and a 4.1m peak for the race , more than the peaks of 3.2m who watched the highlights of the first two races in Australia and Malaysia.

Bernie Ecclestone, the commercial rights holder, will not need any encouragement to keep Bahrain on the calendar next year, since the race brings him m.

Meanwhile the McLaren pair, Lewis Hamilton and Jenson Button, are mystified by their lack of pace on Sunday, as Red Bull returned to the top of the drivers’ and constructors’ championships.

“It is hard to understand why we are slow,” said Button. “We seemed to be the only team over the first three races that was consistently competitive. In the races we were pretty damned good and in the last race I had a chance at victory, and in the second race, and the first one I won. But we were miles off [in Bahrain].”

Hamilton said: “We have a lot of work to do. There is no quick fix. We really have to make some big improvements to the car because the qualifying pace is there but the race pace, at least today, was miles off.”


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Sport: Motor sport | guardian.co.uk

Bernie Ecclestone and Formula One have negotiated the speed bump of Bahrain but, although the drivers and teams buried their heads in the sand, the issues remain far from black and white

The chequered flag fluttered, the engines fell silent, the trophies were awarded and the Formula One circus emitted a sigh of relief before packing up and moving out, consigning the events of Bahrain to the past and looking forward to starting the European season at the Circuit de Catalunya in three weeks’ time. There will be no improvised roadblocks made of burning tyres in Barcelona, no demonstrators holding up photographs of the victims of alleged torture, no embarrassing questions about the right of grand prix racing to go about its business in an atmosphere of political conflict. Make no mistake: to Formula One the unpleasantness in Bahrain represents nothing more than an isolated speed bump.

Bernie Ecclestone and Jean Todt, at whom most of the criticism was directed, know that none of it will stick – at least not where it counts. Most of those who formed an unfavourable impression of the sport last week, or had an existing dislike reinforced, were not members of its natural constituency in the first place. As for the TV audience, since this is Sky’s first season in F1, it is not possible to make a meaningful comparison of the satellite broadcaster’s viewing figures, although experience suggests that the extra publicity and the possibility of disruption may even have persuaded more people to tune in to the live broadcast. Which the sponsors would not mind a bit.

Those willing to defend Bahrain’s right to hold a grand prix made some fair points. Among us commentators, for instance, how many really know what sort of political agenda was driving last week’s protesters? Would we happily support the cause of Al Wefaq, the leading opposition party, which took 64% of the popular vote at the last election and holds 18 of the 40 seats in the lower house, the Council of Representatives? Representing the Shia majority, Al Wafeq has campaigned against the activities of the Supreme Council for Women, which was set up by the government after women had been granted the vote and the right to stand for election in 2002. When none was elected, thanks to the influence of the Islamist parties, six women were appointed to the 40 strong Shura Council, the upper house, whose members are nominated by Bahrain’s king.

So that’s a bit of moral confusion for you, right there. Here’s another: why shouldn’t Formula One go to Bahrain (or China or Turkey) when, whatever their human rights record, the British government and many others are happy for their citizens to do business there? And don’t Ecclestone and Todt have an obligation to honour their contracts?

Here’s an answer. As the members of the Formula One circus prepared to shake the dust of the desert from their feet on Sunday night, they were confronted by a banner across the track, bearing a message from the organisers: “UniF1ed – We Did It!” Now there could be no misunderstanding about the use to which Bahrain’s rulers were putting their grand prix, for which they pay Ecclestone m a year.

The “UniF1ed” slogan had been much in evidence before the race, in clear breach of Formula One’s own covenants, which bar it from political involvement of any kind. Here was the government of Bahrain exploiting an opportunity to claim success for its efforts to address the grievances of those whose demonstrations caused the 2011 race to be cancelled. Clear grounds, you might think, for Ecclestone or Todt to cancel again this year.

Last week Amnesty International issued a report headed “Flawed Reforms: Bahrain fails to achieve justice for protesters”, contradicting the government’s claims and giving details of continuing violations of human rights. It would be nice to think that one or two of the drivers bothered to read it. But here is another dismaying feature of modern Formula One: a couple of dozen (mostly) intelligent young men can be cowed into silence by commercial imperatives. No one expects them to jump on the barricades but a simple expression of concern or some sign of an interest in the outside world would be welcome.

When Sebastian Vettel, the current world champion, attempted on Thursday to comment on the issues of personal safety affecting F1 personnel in Bahrain, the way his words were reported made him seem grossly insensitive. Here, in full, is what he said: “I think generally being in the paddock surely there is no problem. Being outside of the paddock, maybe there is a risk, but there’s a risk everywhere we go. If you imagine when we go to Brazil, it’s not the place we want to be, as well, depending on the area you are [in]. It’s not a big problem and I’m happy once we start testing tomorrow then we worry about the stuff that really matters – tyre temperatures, cars …”

Vettel has a healthy sense of humour and while uttering those last few words he gave a little smile. But they were reprinted in isolation, without the suggestion that he was gently satirising the absurdity of Formula One’s self-absorption. Perhaps this time next year he and his fellow drivers will not find themselves in a position where their silence can be broken only by an embarrassed attempt at a joke. But don’t bet on it. For Bernie Ecclestone it will always be worth slowing momentarily for a speed bump if there’s a m cheque on the other side.


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